Conditions for Nutritional Care of Elderly Individuals with Dementia and Their Caregivers: An Exploratory Study.

Background/

Objective

Although the context, personal conditions, and caregivers' abilities influence the nutrition of older people with dementia, adequate parameters are not always applied to identify these conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional care needs of older people with dementia and their caregivers. Method: This descriptive exploratory study was conducted in Colombia. An intentional sample included 73 elderly individuals with dementia and 73 caregivers. This study described the participants' characteristics with the GCPC-UN-D survey. Their nutritional conditions include medical history, objective tests, and interviews. We used the Edinburgh Scale to evaluate elderly feeding behavior and the QUALID tool to evaluate their quality of life. This study measured caregiver competence using the CUIDAR tool.

Results

Adults of 78.8 years on average, with low to middle socio-economic status, low education levels, and multiple comorbidities, have adverse well-being and support conditions, except for the spiritual component. These adults have visible nutritional issues including low muscle mass indices (47.9%), muscle mass levels (arm 61.6%; calf 58.9%), and vitamin D levels (50.7%), with high cholesterol levels (57.9%) and altered hematocrit and red blood cell counts (46.4%). These adults required supervision (41%) or help (23%) for their nutrition. Caregivers were predominantly women with an average age of 32.4 years, with moderate caregiving competences (70.43%), experienced high caregiver burden (83.6%), and had low orientation in nutritional management (30.1%).

Conclusions

Elderly individuals with dementia had significant nutritional and feeding problems. Their caregivers lacked adequate conditions to ensure quality care. These dyads need a strategy to improve their healthcare experience.