Effect of Impairment on the Prevalence and Comorbidities of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a National Survey: Nation-Wide Prevalence and Comorbidities of ADHD.
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Ercan Eyup Sabri, Unsel-Bolat Gul, Tufan Ali Evren, Karakoc Demirkaya Sevcan, Bilac Oznur, Celik Goncagul, Kılıç Birim Günay, Akyol Ardic Ulku, Yalin Sapmaz Sermin, Aksu Hatice, Yolga Tahiroglu Aysegul, Karacetin Gul, Tural Umit, Aktepe Evrim, Rodopman Arman Ayşe, Başgül Senem, Coşkun Murat, Dursun Onur Burak, Durukan İbrahim, Perdahli Fiş Neşe, Gençoğlan Salih, Gökçen Cem, Sarı Gokten Emel, Görker Işık, Görmez Vahdet, Yıldız Gündoğdu Özlem, Hesapçioğlu Selma Tural, Kandemir Hasan, Mutluer Tuba, Nasiroğlu Serhat, Özcan Özlem, Şahin Nilfer, Toros Fevziye, Perçinel Yazici İpek, Yazici Kemal Utku, Yulaf Yasemin, Yüksel Tuğba, Bilgic Ayhan, Altun Hatice, Akdemir Devrim, Mazlum Betül, Çakın Memik Nursu, Foto Özdemir Dilşad, Üneri Özden, Ünal Fatih
Аннотация
METHOD: The inclusion criterion was being enrolled as a 2nd, 3rd, or 4th-grade student. A semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL), DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders, and assessment of impairment (by both parents and teachers) were applied to 5,842 participants.
RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD was 19.5% without impairment and 12.4% with impairment. Both ADHD with and without impairment groups had similar psychiatric comorbidity rates except for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) diagnoses. Impairment in the ADHD group resulted in significantly higher ODD and CD diagnoses.
CONCLUSION: Even when impairment is not described, other psychiatric disorders accompany the diagnosis of ADHD and may cause impairment in the future. Impairment in the diagnosis of ADHD significantly increases the likelihood of ODD and CD.