In vivo spatiotemporal acquisition of metabolic vibrational signatures for unraveling gastric ulcer genesis.

Metabolic abnormalities in gastric juice usually directly reflect pathological changes of the gastric mucosa. Accurate in-situ gastric metabolic dynamics acquisition is crucial for understanding the occurrence and development of gastric diseases but is challenging. Here, an integrated magnetoplasmonic system (MPS) for long-term spatiotemporal metabolic information profiling and ulcer assessment in vivo is presented. Porous calcium alginate-silver plasmonic hydrogel shell and FeCo@Graphene magnetic core were fabricated into the durable magnetoplasmonic system via a coaxial electrospinning technique. MPS pumped gastric juice through enriching, filtering and magnetic actuation, which had synergistic effect on improving efficient capture of free-metabolites with promotion of 9.76 times. Multiplexed metabolites vibration fingerprint profiles were concurrently determined both in harsh simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and isolated stomach models. We also successfully achieved acquisition of in-situ metabolites changes within rat stomach. Marginal histograms, derived from time-resolved surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) investigations of free small molecules adenine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, suggested a positive correlation in metabolite levels across different stages. Moreover, ulcers revelation was accomplished with high precision through leveraging spectral dimensionality reduction and random forest classification of SERS profiles. Metabolites correlation analysis indicated that Raman signal appearing at 1602 cm-1 and 2112 cm-1 corresponding to phenylalanine and amine exhibited strong positive correlations following ulcer onset. This research represents the first endeavor to profile in-situ metabolic information within stomach and explore their correlations during the genesis of disease, demonstrating its potential in facilitating clinical diagnosis.