The effect of adenoid hypertrophy on growth-development level and dental maturation: a 15-year retrospective radiographs study.

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effect of adenoid hypertrophy on growth development levels and dental age in pediatric patients aged 7-12 years, using panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs.

METHODS

This analytical-archival study assessed radiographs of 348 children aged 7-12 who underwent orthodontic examination at a private oral and dental health polyclinic between 2008 and 2023. Dental ages were estimated using the Nolla methods based on panoramic radiographs. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed using the Webceph™ program. Adenoid hypertrophy was assessed with the McNamara Method, while growth development levels were evaluated using the Baccetti Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) stages.

RESULTS

Adenoid hypertrophy was identified in 29.8% of the patients (n = 348). SNA, SNB, ramus height, and face height ratio values were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). FMA, SN-GoMe, mandibular plane angle, and Y-axis angle values were significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for ANB, gonial angle, lower gonial angle, or convexity angle (P > 0.05). In CS1 and CS3 stages, boys had significantly higher chronological ages than girls (P < 0.05), while no gender-based differences were observed in CS2 and CS4 stages (P > 0.05). The Baccetti classification stages increased with age in both genders, with a statistically higher rate of increase in girls (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in chronological age between study groups within the same Baccetti stages (P > 0.05). Nolla ages were significantly lower in the study group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Adenoid hypertrophy did not significantly affect growth development levels based on cervical vertebral maturation in children aged 7-12. However, Nolla dental ages were significantly delayed in patients with adenoid hypertrophy, suggesting a negative impact on tooth eruption and development. A multidisciplinary approach involving pediatric dentists, orthodontists, ENT specialists, and pediatricians is essential to address the effects of respiratory disorders.