[Revisiting Phylogenetic Classification: The World of Comparative Neuroanatomy].

Comparative neuroanatomy examines the phylogeny of the nervous system by tracing structural homologies. The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum are areas where phylogenetic classification is widely applied, but recent findings have prompted a reassessment of long-standing views. For example, emerging evidence suggests that the neocortex is an ancient system originating from cyclostomes. Furthermore, the concept of the archicerebellum is being questioned, and the theory that the cerebellum originates from it has lost its bases. Comparative neuroanatomy is also expanding towards newer perspectives, including nerve regeneration.