Journal of affective disorders · 2025
Prevalence of mental health symptoms following child loss: A population-based study of bereaved mothers in Bangladesh.
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Al-Mamun Firoj, Das Pronab, ALmerab Moneerah Mohammad, Muhit Mohammad, Mamun Mohammed A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Bereavement following the death of a child represents one of the most severe forms of human loss. The loss of a child is a profoundly devastating life event that places mothers at heightened risk of mental health problems.This risk is often amplified in settings characterized by high child mortality and limited access to mental health services. However, nationally representative data from low- and middle-income countries remain limited.
METHODS: Using the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed 2276 bereaved mothers who had experienced the death of at least one child. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and survey-weighted modified Poisson regression models examined sociodemographic and bereavement-related correlates. Prespecified interaction terms were tested and evaluated, with category collapsing applied where necessary to address sparse data.
RESULTS: Weighted prevalence estimates indicated that 6.7% of mothers had depressive symptoms, 6.4% had anxiety symptoms, and 3.4% had comorbid depressive-anxiety symptoms. Prevalence of all outcomes were significantly higher among women with no formal education. In adjusted analyses, higher education and greater household wealth were associated with lower anxiety symptom,while no consistent predictors were identified for depressive symptoms. Loss of older children was also associated with lower anxiety symptom prevalence compared to neonatal deaths. No consistent predictors were identified for depressive symptoms. Stratified marginal estimates suggested higher anxiety symptom prevalence among mothers with multiple recent child losses (≤3 years), however, this pattern was not statistically significant after category collapsing.
CONCLUSIONS: Bereaved mothers in Bangladesh face a substantial mental health burden, with anxiety symptoms appearing particularly sensitive to social disadvantage and recent cumulative child loss. Findings highlight the need for integrating grief and trauma support into maternal health services, particularly for socially disadvantaged groups.
METHODS: Using the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, we analyzed 2276 bereaved mothers who had experienced the death of at least one child. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Weighted prevalence estimates were calculated, and survey-weighted modified Poisson regression models examined sociodemographic and bereavement-related correlates. Prespecified interaction terms were tested and evaluated, with category collapsing applied where necessary to address sparse data.
RESULTS: Weighted prevalence estimates indicated that 6.7% of mothers had depressive symptoms, 6.4% had anxiety symptoms, and 3.4% had comorbid depressive-anxiety symptoms. Prevalence of all outcomes were significantly higher among women with no formal education. In adjusted analyses, higher education and greater household wealth were associated with lower anxiety symptom,while no consistent predictors were identified for depressive symptoms. Loss of older children was also associated with lower anxiety symptom prevalence compared to neonatal deaths. No consistent predictors were identified for depressive symptoms. Stratified marginal estimates suggested higher anxiety symptom prevalence among mothers with multiple recent child losses (≤3 years), however, this pattern was not statistically significant after category collapsing.
CONCLUSIONS: Bereaved mothers in Bangladesh face a substantial mental health burden, with anxiety symptoms appearing particularly sensitive to social disadvantage and recent cumulative child loss. Findings highlight the need for integrating grief and trauma support into maternal health services, particularly for socially disadvantaged groups.