Neoflavonoids and a megastigmane glycoside from Dalbergia cultrata: structural elucidation and biological evaluation.

A phytochemical investigation of the twigs and stems of Dalbergia cultrata yielded fourteen secondary metabolites, including three novel compounds: two neoflavonoids and a megastigmane glycoside. Structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and ECD calculations. Biological evaluation showed weak to moderate antibacterial and antioxidant activities, whereas aromatase inhibition was more pronounced. Two coumarins, dalbergin (11) and stevenin (12), were the most potent inhibitors, with IC₅₀ values of 1.23 and 1.61 µM, respectively. In contrast, the selected neoflavonoids showed only moderate activity. Neoflavonoid 7 exhibited both growth-inhibitory and fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. These results highlight D. cultrata as a source of structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites.