Individual features of play behavior in thick-toed geckos in weightlessness and normal gravity conditions.

The object play behavior in thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY 1864) was studied during a 30-day orbital experiment onboard the Bion-M1 biosatellite. The play object for five geckos was a marking collar that one of the geckos in the flight group removed immediately before the launch. The play behavior started when either the gecko observed the approaching floating collar or when the gecko independently approached the stationary collar, followed by manipulation of the collar and subsequent observation of its moving away. While playing with the collar, the individuality of geckos' behavior was manifested in the frequency and number of play episodes, the nature of manipulations, and the duration of interest in play during the flight. We found that thick-toed geckos could play not only with an unknown object (marking collar) but also with familiar molting skins. In weightlessness, the play behavior of geckos with molting skin fragments was similar to the play behavior with the collar and also varied between individuals. It was established that geckos maintained a similar individual level of play activity with different objects (collar and molting skins). It was found that geckos also played with fragments of molting skin under normal gravity conditions. In contrast to weightlessness, play behavior at normal gravity was rare and limited to short durations of object manipulation.