Well-being, mental health and sleep in children and young people with vision impairment: A narrative review.

Multiple studies have shown that vision impairment impacts adults' well-being, mental health, and sleep. However, little attention has been given to these areas in children and young people with vision impairment. This narrative review explores the relationship between vision impairment, well-being, mental ill-health, and sleep in children and young people with vision impairment. Studies examined include children and young people with all levels of vision impairment and those with congenital or acquired vision loss. The evidence suggests that vision impairment affects children's and young people's well-being and mental health with particular links to anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Theoretical mechanisms include low self-esteem affecting mental health and well-being, and loneliness reducing well-being. The efficacy of social and psychological interventions on the mental health of children and young people with vision impairment were reviewed. Psychological therapies, sports, exercise, music, art, and relaxation have all been found to have positive impacts. Gaps in existing knowledge are highlighted, and suggestions are made for future research in this important and under-researched area.