Fluid resuscitation of acute hypovolemic hypoperfusion states in pediatrics.

Multiorgan hypoperfusion due to a loss of effective circulating blood volume, whether a consequence of hemorrhage or dehydration, constitutes a medical emergency. Fluid must be added rapidly to the circulatory system, in the form of blood, colloid, or crystalloid solution. The type of fluid used for volume expansion depends on the nature of the losses. The aim of treatment is to expand effective circulating blood volume and to restore nutrient delivery and gas exchange at the cellular level.