Intraosseous lesions of the jaw: a clinicohistological study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The jaw can be affected by many neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of jaw lesions in relation to histopathological diagnosis, patient characteristics, and the site of involvement and correlate the histopathological results with the clinical impression. METHODS: This retrospective study included jaw lesions that were diagnosed at a major tertiary care center in Central Jordan from 2020 to 2024. The clinicopathological information was gathered from the histopathology department. RESULTS: A total of 169 cases were studied. Of these, 78.7% were in the odontogenic cyst category, in which radicular cyst was the most common diagnosis, followed by dentigerous cyst. Ameloblastoma was the most common diagnosis in the odontogenic tumor category. All types of odontogenic cysts were most common in males. Most dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts occurred in the mandible, while radicular cysts occurred equally in the mandible and maxilla. The maxilla was more commonly involved in odontogenic myxoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. We found a limited number of osteomyelitis cases compared to primary intraosseous carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS). In addition, ameloblastoma was much more common than odontoma. We also documented a case of an intraosseous inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. There was substantial agreement between the histopathological diagnosis and the clinical impression. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that radicular cyst was the most common intraosseous lesion of the jaw, whereas adenomatoid odontogenic tumor and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor were the least common, with each observed only once.