Biophysical effects of Phellinus Linteus on hepatocellular carcinoma cells studied by atomic force microscopy.

Precisely quantifying cancer cell morphology and physical properties is crucial for advancing cancer therapeutics, drug screening, and pharmacological assessment. We employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) in this study to accurately measure the morphological and mechanical characteristics of cells and to observe drug-induced cell reactions. To observe the morphological and mechanical properties of both living and fixed HL-7702 cells and SMCC-7721 cells at the nanometer scale. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that treatment with Phellinus linteus water extract (PLWE) induced a morphological transition in SMCC-7721 cells from an irregular, flattened state to a more rounded and spherical shape, with a significant reduction in membrane structures. These changes are closely associated with apoptotic processes. The morphological changes observed in SMCC-7721 cells, together with MTT assay results, suggest that PLWE possesses substantial antitumor activity against cancer cells while exhibiting low toxicity towards normal cells, highlighting its potential for cell-selective targeting in cancer therapy. This study enhances our understanding of PLWE as an anticancer drug and contributes to novel strategies for precision medicine and personalized individualized treatment.