[Analysis of causes and treatment of hearing loss in children from Department of Infant Diseases the Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw].

UNLABELLED: The aim was to identify the frequency of different causes of congenital hearing loss and to investigate the age of treatment intervention.

MATERIAL: 197 children with hearing loss, hospitalized in the Department of Infant Diseases between 2007-2009.

METHODS

Three-level audiological examinations, clinical investigations, specific tests for selected congenital infections and GJB2 mutations, neuroimaging.

RESULTS

In 14 children with negative screening test hearing loss was confirmed; in 14 with positive was excluded; in 5 newborns screening test was not performed. In 179/197 the confirmation of hearing impairment was obtained up to 6 months (90%). Sensorineural (176/197), bilateral (157/197) hearing loss dominated; conductive and mixed was in 21/197. In 97/176 children with sensorineural hearing loss, congenital CMV infection was confirmed; in 47/176 - GJB2 mutations; in 21 simultaneous CMV infection and GJB2 mutation; in 26 the reason was not identified. The hearing aids were applied in 128, in 76 up to 6 months; the cochlear implants received 36, mainly in the 1st. and 2nd. year of life. The improvement of hearing was obtained in 33.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Early identification of infants with hearing loss allows for an earlier introducing of comprehensive treatment and improvement of hearing. 2. The significant proportion of children with hearing loss in the course of congenital cytomegalovirus infection indicates the need to carry out tests to identify infection in newborns with abnormal hearing screening test. 3. Cochlear implants are now in Poland the standard method of treatment in partial and complete deafness in children, also the youngest.