Nano strategies for berberine delivery, a natural alkaloid of Berberis.

Berberine, as a phytochemical component of some medicinal Chinese herbs (most frequently Berberis vulgaris), is an isoquinoline alkaloid with many therapeutic effects including anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Berberine has some significant effects on type 2 diabetes through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, glycolysis stimulation, and mitochondrial function inhibition which subsequently improves both lipid and glucose metabolism. Some other effects of berberine on congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension have been reported. Beside the beneficial effects of berberine, some limitations including poor aqueous solubility, slight absorption, and low bioavailability have hindered its applications. To overcome these limitations, nanotechnology has been considered as main strategy. This review describes different types of nanocarriers (polymeric based, magnetic mesoporous silica based, lipid based, dendrimer based, graphene based, silver and gold nanoparticles) have been used for encapsulation of berberine.