Stereospecificity of beta adrenergic antagonists: R-enantiomers show increased selectivity for beta-2 receptors in ciliary process.

The (+)-stereoisomers of arylethanolamine beta adrenergic agonists and antagonists are usually much less active in biological systems than their corresponding (-)-forms. In the eye, however, prior physiological studies have shown that these (+)-stereoisomers are unexpectedly potent in altering intraocular pressure, results which could be due to a difference in distribution and metabolism or to a difference in receptor interaction. The present experiments evaluated six stereoisomeric pairs of beta adrenergic antagonists for their ability to block rabbit ciliary process and cardiac beta adrenergic receptors activating adenylate cyclase, in vitro, under conditions in which the effects of drug metabolism, distribution and membrane lipid solubility were minimized. In the heart, all six pairs of antagonists demonstrated the expected increased potency of (-)-forms, with isomeric activity ratios of: 33 for metoprolol, 44 for timolol; 48 for bunitrolol; 76 for t-butyl-betaxolol; 100 for t-butyl-didesmethyl-ICI-118,551; and 530 for betaxolol. Under identical assay conditions in the ciliary process, (+)-enantiomers were much more potent relative to (-)-forms, with isomeric activity ratios of: 0.82 for timolol; 3.3 for bunitrolol; 7.4 for t-butyl-didesmethyl-ICI-118,551; 10 for metoprolol; 16 for t-butyl-betaxolol; and 190 for betaxolol. With the exception of metoprolol, all (+)-enantiomers demonstrated a substantially higher absolute affinity for ciliary process receptors (known to be almost exclusively of the beta-2 subtype) than for cardiac receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)