Ureteroarterial fistula: A review of the literature.

Ureteroarterial fistulas are rare, erosive defects that occur between the distal segments of the ureter and the adjacent blood vessels in individuals with urologic and vascular comorbidities. Characterized by diffuse, pulsatile bleeding into the urinary tract, this condition carries a significant mortality rate in the absence of early recognition. Recent treatment efforts have focused on use of endovascular stenting techniques as an alternative to open surgical closure of the underlying defects in hemodynamically stable patients. We provide a literature review detailing the characteristics, mechanism, and management of ureteroarterial fistulas.