Melatonin production in organ cultured chicken pineal: modulation by adenosine and its analogs.

The effects of adenosine, of its non-metabolizable analogs, and of compounds related to its metabolism, were investigated in the photosensitive chicken pineal, maintained in static culture or in superfusion. Stimulation or inhibition of melatonin production was obtained, depending on the experimental conditions tested. Endogenous adenosine is involved in the regulation of the melatonin output. The effects of the nucleoside might depend on the balance between its intra- and extracellular pools; (re)uptake mechanisms are most probably involved. It is suggested that cell surface receptors mediate adenosine effects, but intracellular actions (P-site, transmethylation pathways) are not excluded. This investigation is a breakthrough in the field of pineal physiology which offers new perspectives in the study of the control of melatonin production.