Allergic comorbidities among inborn errors of immunity in children attended in a high-complexity center in Cali, Colombia.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the clinical characteristics of allergic diseases (AD) as comorbidities-distinct from primary atopic diseases (PAD)-in pediatric patients diagnosed with IEI.

METHODS

An observational and retrospective study was made. We included pediatric population diagnosed with IEI and allergic comorbidity between 2013-2023. The diagnosis was done considering the criteria from the ESID and IUIS-2022. We performed a descriptive analysis of the variables (frequencies/percentages). For qualitative variables, we used OR to obtain the probability of occurrence of allergic sensitization among patients with AD and IEI. Every analysis was performed with the software R Studio version 3.2.2.

RESULTS

There were 366 patients with diagnosis of IEI, 238 had concomitant AD. 59.6% were males. Mean age was 5 years. 84% had antibody-specific deficiencies, 8% combined immunodeficiencies associated to well-defined syndromes, 2.9% congenital defects in phagocytes, 2.5% combined-immunodeficiencies, 1.7% autoinflammatory diseases, and 0.8% defects in intrinsic and innate immunity. The distribution of the ADs was asthma 48.7%, rhinitis 18.9%, atopic-dermatitis 15.1%, food-allergy 8.4%, acute urticaria 5%, and chronic urticaria 3.8%.

CONCLUSION

Allergic diseases are increasingly recognized as key indicators for early IEI diagnosis. These conditions may coexist without representing PAD, emphasizing the need for comprehensive care. Recognizing this heterogeneity supports a multidisciplinary approach to improve early detection and management of IEI.