Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society · 2026
Associations Between Dietary Habits and Sleep Duration in Japanese Children: The Fukushima Health Management Survey.
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Ma Enbo, Ohira Tetsuya, Itagaki Shuntaro, Miura Itaru, Yabe Hirooki, Mizuki Rie, Horikoshi Naoko, Maeda Masaharu, Takahashi Hideto, Shimabukuro Michio, Hosoya Mitsuaki, Yasumura Seiji
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Studies on the impact of dietary habits on sleep in children remain inconsistent. The study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary habits and sleep duration in Japanese children.
METHODS: Dietary habits and sleep time questionnaire data were available for 28,429 children from the Fukushima Health Management Survey, 2014-2019. Five dietary habit questions were asked of children aged 1-15 years, four additional questions of those aged 4-15 years, one additional question of those aged 7-15 years, and one additional question of those aged 13-15 years. Accordingly, dietary habit scores (score-5, score-9, score-10, and score-11) were calculated for the corresponding age groups. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between dietary habits and sleep duration.
RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analysis, the coefficients (95% confidence intervals [CIs]), expressed as hours per score unit, for dietary habit score-5, score-9, score-10, and score-11 with sleep duration were 0.018 (0.012-0.025), 0.018 (0.011-0.025), 0.018 (0.011-0.024), and 0.024 (0.010-0.038), respectively. In the longitudinal analysis, associations of changes in score-5, score-9, and score-10 with changes in sleep duration were no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. Among students aged 13-15 years, each one-point increase in score-11 was associated with higher odds of adequate sleep time (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09).
CONCLUSIONS: Healthier dietary habits may be associated with longer sleep duration in Japanese children; however, the longitudinal findings did not provide sufficient evidence of an independent association over time.
METHODS: Dietary habits and sleep time questionnaire data were available for 28,429 children from the Fukushima Health Management Survey, 2014-2019. Five dietary habit questions were asked of children aged 1-15 years, four additional questions of those aged 4-15 years, one additional question of those aged 7-15 years, and one additional question of those aged 13-15 years. Accordingly, dietary habit scores (score-5, score-9, score-10, and score-11) were calculated for the corresponding age groups. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between dietary habits and sleep duration.
RESULTS: In the cross-sectional analysis, the coefficients (95% confidence intervals [CIs]), expressed as hours per score unit, for dietary habit score-5, score-9, score-10, and score-11 with sleep duration were 0.018 (0.012-0.025), 0.018 (0.011-0.025), 0.018 (0.011-0.024), and 0.024 (0.010-0.038), respectively. In the longitudinal analysis, associations of changes in score-5, score-9, and score-10 with changes in sleep duration were no longer statistically significant after multivariable adjustment. Among students aged 13-15 years, each one-point increase in score-11 was associated with higher odds of adequate sleep time (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09).
CONCLUSIONS: Healthier dietary habits may be associated with longer sleep duration in Japanese children; however, the longitudinal findings did not provide sufficient evidence of an independent association over time.