Phenolic Content Profile and Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and Antiproliferative Activities of Rhodocollybia butyracea Mushroom (Agaricomycetes) Occurring in Turkey.

Mushrooms are among the important natural resources due to the wide spectrum of bioactive compounds present in them. Major bioactive secondary metabolites present in them are polysaccharides, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Rhodocollybia butyracea is found growing abundantly on the leaf litters in the oak forests in Türkiye. We examined the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiproliferative activities as well as the phenolic compound profile of the ethanol extract of Rh. butyracea and the findings are reported in this communication. The extract was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method. The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), DPPH free radical scavenging activity, and FRAP reducing power of the extract were determined by standard assay methods. The results showed TAS value of 4.263 mmol/L, TOS value of 16.576 μmol/L, and OSI value of 0.389. DPPH and FRAP analyses yielded Trolox equivalent values of 115.333 and 153.547 mg/g extract, respectively. In anticholinesterase activity tests, the IC50 values of the extract on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes were determined as 75.363 and 110.053 μg/mL, respectively. The antiproliferative activity assay showed that the extract reduced cell viability of A549, MCF-7, and DU-145 human cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. The phenolic content was determined by LC-MS/MS analysis. Gallic acid (5460.743 mg/kg), caffeic acid (2424.650 mg/kg), and quercetin (1643.073 mg/kg) were identified as the main components. The findings reveal that Rh. butyracea possessed significant antioxidant capacity, measurable anticholinesterase effect, and cell proliferation suppressive potential. The finding indicated that this species of mushroom may be a promising natural resource for further pharmacological and biomedical research.