[The research on prevention and control of overweight and obesity in primary school students in Hangzhou from 2022 to 2024].

Objective

Through dynamic analysis of the comprehensive monitoring data of the health status of primary school students in Hangzhou, to reveal the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Hangzhou and the intervention effect of overweight and obese students under the existing prevention and control strategies, so as to provide as scientific basis for further improving the intervention strategies.

Methods

A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 91 538 students from 150 urban and rural schools who could complete the continuous follow-up. The trends of overweight, obesity of students were dynamically analyzed for three consecutive years. The intervention effect of overweight and obese students at the beginning and end of the follow-up period was compared and analyzed. χ2 test was used to analyze the differences and changes in gender, grade, urban and rural areas. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of prevalence of overweight and obesity among students in the past three years.

Results

From 2022 to 2024, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study cohort of urban and rural primary school children was at a high level. The overweight rate and obesity rate in 2024 were 14.59% and 14.34% respectively, showing an increasing trend compared with 2022 (all P for trend <0.001). During three years, the rate of overweight and obesity in boys was higher than that in girls. Rural students had a higher rate of obesity than urban students, all have statistical differences (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overweight between urban and rural students in 2022 (P=0.263), but the prevalence of overweight in rural students was higher than that in urban students in 2023 and 2024 (all P<0.05). From 2022 to 2024, the proportion of overweight, obesity students turned to normal at the end of the observation period was 26.56%, 2.66%, respectively. The incidence of new overweight and obesity in students with normal BMI at first was 8.62%, 1.08%, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression model results showed that the risk of overweight, obesity in rural students was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.18-1.33) times, 1.34 (95%CI: 1.13-1.59) times, respectively. The risk of overweight, obesity in girls were 0.56 (95%CI: 0.54-0.59) times, 0.71 (95%CI: 0.61-0.82) times for boys, respectively.

Conclusions

The risk of overweight and obesity in primary school students should in Hangzhou be paid attention to continuously. Based on the existing intervention strategies for overweight and obese students, improved poorly. The risk of rural students is higher than that of urban students, and the improvement of overweight or obese students is weaker, and the risk of new overweight and obesity is higher.