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Infectious Respiratory Diseases Decreased during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea.

Infectious respiratory diseases are highly contagious and very common, and thus can be considered as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We followed up the incidence rates (IRs) of eight infectious respiratory diseases, including chickenpox, measles, pertussis, mumps, invasive pneumococcal disease, scarlet fever, rubella, and meningococcal disease, after COVID-19 mitigation measures were implemented in South Korea, and then compared those with the IRs in the corresponding periods in the previous 3 years. Overall, the IRs of these diseases before and after age- or se…

Epidemiology of viral disease outbreaks in Odisha, India (2010-2019).

Despite consistent public health efforts, the burden of viral disease in India remains high. The present study was undertaken to understand … s were of viral hepatitis (55 outbreaks; 1223 cases) followed by dengue (45 outbreaks; 1185 cases), chickenpox (30 outbreaks; 421 cases), viral encephalitis (27 outbreaks; 930 cases), measles (23 outbreaks; 464 cases), chikungunya (10 outbreaks; 593 cases) and rubella (1 outbreak; 60). The outbreaks peaked in frequency and intensity during the months of July …

Околоатомные крио-электронные микроскопические структуры вирусов варицелла-зостеров.

Вирус Вариселла-Зостер (VZV) — врачебно важный герпесвирус человека, вызывающий ветрянку и свечи, но его клеточная природа препятствует изучению структуры. Здесь мы рассказываем о крио-электронных микроскопических структурах очищенных VZV A-Capsid и C-Capsid, а также о ДНК-содержащем капсиде внутри вириона. Атомные модели, полученные на основе этих структур, показывают, что, несмотря на то, что геном, который значительно меньше генома других человеческих герпесвирусов, VZV имеет такой же размер капсида, состоящий из 955 основных белков капсида (MCP), 900 мелких белков капсида (SCP), 640 димера

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is a medically important human herpesvirus that causes chickenpox and shingles, but its cell-associated nature has hindered structure studies. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of purified VZV A-capsid and C-capsid, as well as of the DNA-containing capsid inside the virion. Atomic models derived from these st…

Модель " Вирусная стойкость и реактивация Варичеллы Зостер " - Ближе к урегулированию " запутанного " государства.

Скрытый характер вируса герпесвируса варицелла зостер (VZV) остается загадочным и противоречивым. Хотя хорошо доказано, что стойкость VZV установлена в нейронах после первичной инфекции (варицелла или ветряная ось), мы мало знаем о типах нейронов, питающих скрытые вирусные геномы, если все они потенциально могут реактивировать, что именно движет процессом возобновления, и о роли иммунитета в контроле за запозданием. Выражение вирусных генов во время запоздалого периода было особенно трудно уладить, хотя самые последние достижения указывают на то, что оно является более ограничительным, чем пре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The latent state of the human herpesvirus varicella zoster virus (VZV) has remained enigmatic and controversial. While it is well substantiated that VZV persistence is established in neurons after the primary infection (varicella or chickenpox), we know little of the types of neurons harboring latent virus genomes, if all can potentially reactivate, what exa…

[Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus antibodies after the recent introduction of the universal childhood immunisation schedule in the Community of Madrid].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In November 2006, the Community of Madrid included the chickenpox vaccine into the immunisation schedule for children from 15 months of age. This was withdrawn in January 2014. Seroprevalence of antibodies to the virus is estimated after the first 2-3 years from the inclusion of the vaccine, and as well as its evolution since 1999. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the target population consisting of residents in the Community of Madrid between 2 and 60 years of age. Measurement of IgG antibodies was performed using an ELISA technique. Ser…

Comprehensive analysis of varicella-zoster virus proteins using a new monoclonal antibody collection.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of chickenpox and shingles. Due to the virus's restricted host and cell type tropism and the lack of tools for VZV proteomics, it is one of the least-characterized human herpesviruses. We generated 251 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against 59 of the 71 (83%) currently known unique VZV proteins to characterize VZV protein expression in vitro and in situ. Using this new set of MAbs, 44 viral proteins were detected by Western blotting (WB) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF); 13 were detected by WB only, and 2 were detected by IF only. A large…

ORF7 of varicella-zoster virus is a neurotropic factor.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chickenpox and herpes zoster (shingles). After the primary infection, the virus remains latent in sensory ganglia and reactivates upon weakening of the cellular immune system due to various conditions, erupting from sensory neurons and infecting the corresponding skin tissue. The current varicella vaccine is highly attenuated in the skin and yet retains its neurovirulence and may reactivate and damage sensory neurons. The factors involved in neuronal invasion and establishment of latency are still elusive. Previously, we constructed a libr…

[Antibodies against vaccine-preventable diseases in pregnant women and their offspring. Measles, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, and varicella].

In the eastern part of Germany, the age of primigravid women has clearly increased since 1990. This may change the protection provided by an … risk for a congenital rubella syndrome in newborns. Despite the high seroprevalence of rubella and chickenpox, there is considerable potential for infections during pregnancy and neonatal period.

[Mortality among children enrolled in public day care centers in Brazil].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality pattern among children enrolled in public day care centers. METHODS: This was a descriptive study of t … 6%), meningococcal disease (13.0%), non-meningococcal meningitis (8.5%), gastroenteritis (7.6%) and chickenpox (5.4%). External causes were responsible for 13.5% of the deaths and included falls, being run over, drowning, burns and physical aggression. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that younger children (0-3 years) were the most vulnerable group and that …

Smallpox and bioterrorism.

Smallpox was declared to be eradicated on 8 May 1980, during the Thirty-third World Health Assembly. However, concerns about the possible us … er of secondary cases infected by a primary case) is lower than that for measles, human parvovirus, chickenpox, mumps, rubella, and poliomyelitis; only the value for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is lower. Like SARS, close person-to-person contact is required for effective spread of the disease, and exposure to the virus in hospitals has played an …

Oral manifestations of infections of infections due to varicella zoster virus in otherwise healthy children.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (or chickenpox) and establishes latency in nerve ganglia after the primary infection. The reactivation of virus later in life can cause mono- or polyneuropathy. The cranial nerves most commonly involved are five (herpes zoster or shingles), six, seven eight, nine and ten. In the present study we describe the oral lesions associated with VZV infections in normal children. In a 3 year period we examined 62 children, age 2 to 13 years old with diagnosed varicella and a 4 year old boy with herpes zoster at the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve. Accord…

[Herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Comparison between elderly patients and young adults treated with acyclovir].

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common skin disease due to a virus identical to that responsible for chickenpox. In a variable number of cases neuritic pain persist after cutaneous healing. Aim of this investigation was to analyze zoster clinical evolution in 102 immunocompetent patients, subdivided by age (< 60 years and > or = 60 years) and sex, after treatment with acyclovir (4 g/die x 10 days). Signs and symptoms of the disease were evaluated, with particular attention to pain and the duration of post-herpetic neuralgia. Vescicular eruption was most frequently found in the thoraco-abdominal region…

Studies on transfer of varicella-zoster-virus specific T-cell immunity from bone marrow donor to recipient.

The transfer of antigen-specific cellular immunity in human bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied in 49 donor-recipient pairs, using … eriod when either only the recipient or the donor was immune to VZV pretransplant. Herpes zoster or chickenpox developed in the recipients depending on a history of pretransplant VZV infection when the VZV-LPR became negative, and recovery from VZV infection was always followed by quick conversion of VZV-LPR. Long-lasting positive VZV-LPR was observed in the …

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to cytomegalovirus.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) using polystyrene beads as the solid phase for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen and iodinated immunosorbent purified a … ficant increase in RIA titres in serum specimens of patients with primary herpes simplex infection, chickenpox, herpes zoster, or infectious mononucleosis.

Reliability of direct varicella zoster virus loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid diagnosis of breakthrough varicella.

BACKGROUND: Since patients with breakthrough varicella (BV) have mild symptoms, clinical diagnosis is difficult. In high vaccine coverage area, as BV occurs sporadically, point of care test is required for controlling varicella outbreak. In this study, the reliability of varicella zoster virus (VZV)-loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was evaluated for the rapid diagnosis of BV. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 328 swab samples collected from patients with suspected varicella were analyzed. For the laboratory diagnosis of varicella, VZV real-time PCR was carried out using DNA extracted from

Analysis of sero-epidemiological characteristics of varicella in healthy children in Jiangsu Province, China.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, outbreaks of varicella have continued to occur, and the coverage rate of varicella vaccine in Jiangsu Province, China, remains unclear. This study aims to analyse the levels of immune antibody against varicella and obtain a comprehensive understanding of the varicella attenuated live vaccine (VarV) coverage rate in children aged 1-9 years in Jiangsu Province. METHODS: From June to October 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect 3631 serum samples from healthy children aged 1-9 years in Jiangsu Province. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels of

Varicella Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Community Transmission in the 2-Dose Era.

OBJECTIVES: We examined overall and incremental effectiveness of 2-dose varicella vaccination in preventing community transmission of varicella among children aged 4 to 18 years in 2 active surveillance sites. One-dose varicella vaccine effectiveness (VE) was examined in those aged 1 to 18 years. METHODS: From May 2009 through June 2011, varicella cases identified during active surveillance in Antelope Valley, CA and Philadelphia, PA were enrolled into a matched case-control study. Matched controls within 2 years of the patient's age were selected from immunization registries. A standardized

Immunogenicity and safety assessments after one and two doses of a refrigerator-stable tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine in healthy children during the second year of life.

BACKGROUND: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and varicella (V) vaccines are often coadministered at 1 clinic visit. This study (104389/NCT00127023) was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a new refrigerator-stable tetravalent MMRV vaccine after 1 dose and after 2 doses administered during the second year of life. METHODS: Nine hundred seventy healthy children aged 10-21 months received 2 doses of MMRV vaccine (Priorix-Tetra; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) 42 days apart (MMRV group; N = 732) or 1 dose of MMR vaccine (Priorix) coadministered with varicella v

The value of varicella vaccination in healthy children: cost-benefit analysis of the situation in France.

The purpose of the cost-benefit analysis described in this article is to determine the economic value of vaccination of healthy children against varicella in France. It is based on the results of two specific investigations--an epidemiological model and a prospective observational study (1832 cases studied) of the socio-economic consequences of varicella. This cost-benefit analysis was conducted from the viewpoint of the society and that of the patient, for vaccination coverage rates ranging from 10 to 90%. This analysis demonstrates the value of varicella vaccination when associated with meas

Invasive group A Streptococcal infections in Franche-Comté, France (2022-2023).

Following the withdrawal of COVID-19-related barrier measures, a sharp rise in group A streptococcal (GAS) circulation has been reported in … s (42%) and acute and chronic wounds (38%) in adults, and respiratory viral co-infections (29%) and chickenpox (24%) in children. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) occurred in 24% of patients, and 27% required admission to an intensive care unit. Mortality rate was 22%. Regarding therapy, 39% of patients received beta-lactam combined with anti-toxin …