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Transcutaneous Immunization with a Band-Aid Prevents Experimental Otitis Media in a Polymicrobial Model.

Otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric disease, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant pathogen in chronic OM, recurrent OM, and OM associated with treatment failure. OM is also a polymicrobial disease, wherein an upper respiratory tract viral infection predisposes to ascension of NTHI from the nasopharynx, the site of colonization, to the normally sterile middle ear, resulting in disease. Using a clinically relevant viral-bacterial coinfection model of NTHI-induced OM, we performed transcutaneous immunization (TCI) via a band-aid delivery system to administer each o

[Metabolic features of the liver and spleen and antibody formation in animals following hyperimmunization with viral antigens].

Hyperimmunization with the tick encephalitis and Western horse encephalomyelitis viruses reproduced in the brain of albino mice, intensified the protein synthesis in the splenic tissue during the productive phase of the immunogenesis (the 7th day). An accumalation of protein, activation of aniuno-acyl-t-RNA-ligases, a reduction of the concehtration of some amino acids was noted, An analogous reaction was distinct in the tissue of the liver only when an intact brain suspension was used as an antigen. Formation of specific antibodies coursed more intensively after the administration of a more pa

Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems.

Otitis media is an inflammatory disorder of the middle ear caused by airways-associated bacterial or viral infections. It is one of the most … and provide better protection against otitis media. To study disease pathology the rat, mouse, and chinchilla are commonly used to induce experimental acute otitis media to test new therapeutics, including antibiotics and vaccines. Each of these models has its advantages and disadvantages, yet there is still a need to develop an improved animal model provid …

Which precocial rodent species is more suitable as the experimental model of microgravity influence on prenatal musculosketal development on international space station?

The International Space Station (ISS) has the possibility to perform experiments regarding rodent reproduction in microgravity. The musculos … iny mouse at birth (myotubular stage), does not correspond to the human (late histochemical stage); Chinchilla requires separately housing, daily sand baths, has upper limit of weight. Possibility of keeping Southern mountain cavy as pet animal, short estrus, large litter size, absence of the need for nest and sand baths, makes this species the most promisin …

[The study of effectiveness of polyhydroxyalkanoates based biodegradable stents in ureteropelvic segment pyeloplasty].

INTRODUCTION: Among urologic diseases, ureteropelvic segment stenosis with hydronephrosis is a common indication for instrumental or surgica … ogical and functional changes in the stented ureter were investigated in 45 male rabbits of "Soviet chinchilla" breed weighing 4550-5200 g that underwent stenting of ureteropelvic segment (UPS). The study used polymeric stents based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly-4-gidroksibutirotom P (3GB/4GB) and a mixture of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate with polycaprolactone I …

Age-Independent Cartilage Generation for Synovium-Based Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation.

The articular cartilage layer of synovial joints is commonly lesioned by trauma or by a degenerative joint disease. Attempts to repair the d … . The chondrocytes could be isolated on-site and immediately used for ACI. To test this hypothesis, Chinchilla rabbits were used as an experimental model. A collagenous patch bearing BMP-2 in a slow-delivery vehicle was sutured to the inner face of the synovial membrane. The neoformed tissue was excised 5, 8, 11 and 14 days postimplantation for histological …

[Effects of electroacupuncture stimulation of "Shenmen"(HT 7)-"Taiyuan" (LU 9) on auditory sensory gating P 50 in acute myocardial ischemia rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Taiyuan"(LU 9) on P50 event-related potentials in rabbits with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), so as to evaluate the specificity of function of different acupoints. METHODS: Chinchilla rabbits were randomized into normal control, model, Shenmen (HT 7) and Taiyuan (LU 9) groups (n = 10/group). AMI model was established by temporary occlusion of the descending anterior branch of the left coronary artery. EA (1 mA, 2 Hz) was applied to bilateral HT 7 and LU 9 for 15 min. The anesthetized-rabbit's he…

Direct detection of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children with chronic otitis media.

CONTEXT: Chronic otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric infectious disease. Previous studies demonstrating that metabolically active bacteria exist in culture-negative pediatric middle-ear effusions and that experimental infection with Haemophilus influenzae in the chinchilla model of otitis media results in the formation of adherent mucosal biofilms suggest that chronic OM may result from a mucosal biofilm infection. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that chronic OM in humans is biofilm-related. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Middle-ear mucosa (MEM) biopsy specimens were obtained from 26 c…

Последствия изменения моделей ввоза грызунов для здоровья населения - Соединенные Штаты, 1999 - 2013 годы.

Соединенные Штаты импортируют большой объем живых диких и домашних животных; эти животные представляют собой доказанный риск возникновения зоонотических заболеваний. Грызуны импортируются для различных целей, включая научные исследования, выставки в зоопарке и торговлю домашними животными. Нынешние ограничения в области общественного здравоохранения США, касающиеся импорта грызунов, относятся только к ограничениям африканского происхождения. Для того чтобы понять последствия этих правил и потенциальные риски для здоровья населения, связанные с международной торговлей грызунами в Соединенные Шт

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The United States imports a large volume of live wild and domestic animal species; these animals pose a demonstrated risk for introduction o … orth America experienced notable increases in volume. Gerbils and hamsters arriving from Europe and chinchillas, guinea pigs and hamsters arriving from other countries in North America were predominant taxa underlying this trend. After 2003, African-origin imports became sporadic events under the federal permit process. These patterns suggest development of …

Prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Persian cats and related-breeds in Sydney and Brisbane.

OBJECTIVE: A form of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has been identified in Persian cats and related breeds. Two features make … cats were tested comprising 230 Persians, 48 Himalayans, 17 Exotics, 14 Burmillas, 6 Ragdolls and 5 Chinchillas. The prevalence of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in Sydney (45%) and Brisbane (42%) was comparable and no sex predilection was identified. The disease was not detected in Ragdolls, although only a small number was tested. Two of 14 B …

[Clinical and morphological correlations of corneal repair in rabbits after modeling of stromal defect and tectonic keratoplasty using human lenticules].

PURPOSE: To characterize structural changes in the rabbit cornea after tectonic keratoplasty using human lenticules and surface keratoplasty with Alloplant material based on in vivo anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty laboratory rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed were used. All animals were sexually mature males and were randomly assigned to three groups. In group 1, a mechanical corneal defect created by keratectomy using a trephine and dissector was replaced by suturing two decellularized human lenticules, formin…

Development and validation of a regionally adapted sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay targeting recombinant p60 antigen for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Listeria monocytogenes remains a major foodborne pathogen globally, with mortality rates ranging from 20%-40%. The incre … inant p60 protein was purified by Ni2+-affinity chromatography and used to immunize BALB/c mice and Chinchilla rabbits for monoclonal antibodies and pAbs antibody production. Hybridoma clones were screened for specificity using indirect ELISA and Western blot. A sandwich ELISA was assembled using mAb 1H8 as the capture antibody and horseradish peroxidase-con …

Insight into blood proteinase-inhibitor system and pathogenesis of renal tuberculosis induced by phylogenomically different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in rabbit model.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains on the blood proteinase-inhibitor system and structural changes in the renal parenchyma during the pathogenesis of renal tuberculosis in a rabbit model. METHODS: Renal tuberculosis was modeled on 60 male Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. The susceptible virulent strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv (Euro-American lineage, group 1) and the low-lethal multidrug-resistant strain 5582 (Beijing Central Asian/Russian cluster; group 2) were injected into the cortex of the lower pole of the left kidney. Blood levels o…

[Effect of androgen replacement therapy on mixed dry eye in a rabbit model].

Objective: To explore the effect of androgen replacement therapy in a rabbit dry eye model characterized by androgen deficiency and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Thirty 6-month-old male Chinchilla rabbits were randomly divided into the treatment group, model group and control group, with 10 rabbits in each group. In the treatment and model groups, 2/3 of the meibomian gland openings were closed by cauterization with electric coagulation pen, and bilateral testes were removed. One gram gel containing 1% testosterone was applied for 28 days on the skin of rabbits in the treatment g…

Viral metagenomics reveals two novel anelloviruses in feces of experimental rats.

BACKGROUND: Rodents are widely distributed and are the natural reservoirs of a diverse group of zoonotic viruses. Thus, analyzing the viral … 335 to 1390) had the highest sequence identity with an unclassified AV (GenBank No. ATY37438) from Chinchilla lanigera, and they clustered with one AV (GenBank No. QYD02305) belonging to the genus Etatorquevirus from Lynx rufus. Conventional PCR with two sets of specific primers designed based on the two genomes, respectively, showed that they were detectab …

Comparison between facemask and laryngeal mask airway in rabbits during isoflurane anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) provides a better airway than a facemask in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rabbits, and to test if it can be used for mechanically controlled ventilation. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized prospective experimental trial. ANIMALS: Sixteen young, healthy, specific pathogen-free Giant Flemish cross Chinchilla rabbits (10 females and 6 males) weighing 4.1 +/- 0.8 kg. METHODS: Rabbits were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups: facemask with spontaneous ventilation (FM-SV; n = 5), LMA with spontaneous ventilation (LMA-SV; n …

Pentoxifylline improves bacterial clearance during hemorrhage and endotoxemia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the methylxanthine-derivative pentoxifylline (PTX) affects bacterial clearance of the organism in states of hemorrhage and endotoxemia. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Experimental laboratory in a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifty-four female chinchilla rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: To quantify the clearance process, defined numbers (10(7) CFO) of Escherichia coli bacteria were injected intravenously into anesthetized rabbits, 60 mins after induction of hemorrhage (n = 9 + 3) or infusion of endotoxin (lipo…

Efficacy of Solithromycin (CEM-101) for Experimental Otitis Media Caused by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Solithromycin (CEM-101) is a "fourth-generation" macrolide, as it has three binding site and is acid stable. The three binding sites confer activity against bacteria resistant to the older macrolides and ketolides, including multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). The objective of this study was to evaluate solithromycin pharmacokinetics (PK), middle ear fluid (MEF) concentrations, and microbiologic efficacy in a chinchilla model of experimental otitis media (EOM) due to strains of S. pneumoniae or NTHi. Plasma PK (maximum concentration of dr…

Glycinergic and GABAergic inputs affect short-term suppression in the cochlear nucleus.

Most cochlear nucleus (CN) neurons exhibit short-term response suppression to a second stimulus in a paired-pulse (click), forward-masking, paradigm. The magnitude of suppression, which appears to be greater than that observed in acoustic nerve, is dependent on the temporal separation and/or relative intensities of the two stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that inhibitory circuitry ending on CN neurons may mediate this response suppression. Using extracellular recordings from single CN neurons, suppression was evaluated using a forward-masking paradigm. Responses to paired acoustic clicks (i.e

Therapeutic Transcutaneous Immunization with a Band-Aid Vaccine Resolves Experimental Otitis Media.

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a noninvasive strategy to induce protective immune responses. We describe TCI with a band-aid vaccine placed on the postauricular skin to exploit the unique organization of the stratum corneum and to promote the development of immune responses to resolve active experimental otitis media due to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI). This therapeutic immunization strategy induced significantly earlier resolution of middle ear fluid and rapid eradication of both planktonic and mucosal biofilm-resident NTHI within 7 days after receipt of the first immunizin