Outcomes of Reconstruction of the Flexible Adult-acquired Flatfoot Deformity.

Reconstruction of the flexible adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is controversial, and numerous procedures are frequently used in combination, including flexor digitorum longus transfer, medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO), heel cord lengthening/gastrocnemius recession, lateral column lengthening (LCL), Cotton osteotomy or first tarsometatarsal fusion, and spring ligament reconstruction. This article summarizes recent studies demonstrating that patients have significant improvements after operative treatment of flexible AAFD. It reviews current literature on clinical and radiographic outcomes of the MCO, LCL, and Cotton osteotomies. The authors describe how this information can be used in surgical decision making in order to tailor operative treatment to an individual patient's deformity.