[Asperger syndrome: an update].

Asperger's Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder that manifest itself at pre-school age. It is characterized by qualitative impairments of social interaction, deficits in empathy, motor disturbances, and restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities. A genetic etiology is assumed in context with brain dysfunctions and neuropsychological deficits which are all focused upon nonverbal learning, even though the general intellectual level is within the normal range. Treatment must take into account the individual aspects of each case and is based mainly on behavior therapy, group training of social skills, vocational training and adaptation, and if necessary, on medication. Medical treatment is indicated in the presence of special symptoms such as hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, sleep disorders, or depression.